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Will legal challenges end the trade war?

Alec Phillips, Allison Nathan

A three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of International Trade blocked most of President Trump's sweeping tariffs in a May 29, 2025 ruling, determining that the executive branch lacked the intelligible limits required to impose duties on Canada, China, and Mexico under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act. While the administration plans to appeal to the Supreme Court and may shift toward temporary Section 122 tariffs or sector-specific Section 301 investigations to maintain revenue, the decision significantly alters the legal landscape by invalidating the broad, unlimited authority claimed by the previous strategy. This pivotal judgment introduces substantial market uncertainty regarding future tariff levels and fiscal projections, as analysts anticipate a transition from across-the-board rates to more restrictive, country-specific measures.