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The Breakthroughs Needed for AGI Have Already Been Made: OpenAI Former Research Head Bob McGrew

Bob McGrew, Stephanie Zhan, Sonya Huang

Bob McGrew defines 2025 as the "year of reasoning," a pivotal shift where immediate compute utilization and tool-augmented chain-of-thought capabilities drive rapid progress toward AGI while pre-training faces diminishing returns. This paradigm reframes post-training as a behavioral challenge and positions AI agents to democratize intelligence by pricing services at compute costs rather than professional market rates. Consequently, economic value accrues to application layers requiring proprietary enterprise context, while sectors ranging from robotics to software engineering transition to hybrid human-agent workflows that leverage these new efficiency gains.