The Economist

The Balfour Declaration's impact, 100 years on

Jeremy Berkovits, Ahmad Shakarneh, Ahmed Shikane

The 1917 Balfour Declaration established a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine while promising to protect the rights of existing non-Jewish communities, yet British policy reversals and subsequent conflicts failed to satisfy either side. Following the 1948 establishment of Israel and the 1949 armistice, the resulting displacement of 700,000 Palestinians, known as the Nakba, initiated a century of wars, occupation, and diplomatic impasses. Despite the coexistence efforts of dual-national staff at the American Colony Hotel, the Declaration's original promise remains unfulfilled for Palestinians, leaving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict intractable with no Palestinian state established.

Facial recognition technology will change the way we live

In 2018, advancements in machine learning and the integration of biometrics into consumer smartphones propelled facial recognition from niche development to mainstream adoption. While commercial applications expanded globally from tracking retail habits in the West to managing a 700 million-person database in China, researchers warned that the technology's ability to covertly identify individuals and infer personal attributes poses significant threats to privacy and civil liberties. Consequently, the year emerged as a critical juncture for establishing regulatory frameworks to balance security benefits against the risks of non-consensual surveillance.

Transforming cities with technology

Fabio Duarte, Caitlin Dolkaert, Nick Mokua

With global urbanization driving 900 million people into slums and cities consuming three-quarters of world energy, the smart city sector is surging toward a $1.5 trillion valuation by leveraging real-time data networks. Innovators in Seoul, Nairobi, and Boston demonstrate this shift by deploying integrated sensor systems to optimize transportation, coordinate emergency services, and detect public health crises through sewage and infrastructure monitoring. These initiatives prioritize using data to "make people smarter," directly addressing affordability, traffic gridlock, and opioid surges without relying solely on hardware deployment.

Electric cars will come of age in 2018

The 2018 automotive landscape marked a global tipping point where electric vehicle costs fell below those of fossil fuel models, driven by halved battery prices, doubled driving ranges, and government mandates from nations like Britain and France to ban internal combustion engines by 2040. China's dominance in production and sales, combined with corporate commitments to fully electrify fleets, aims to disrupt global oil demand while introducing ethical supply chain challenges regarding cobalt extraction in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Experts characterize this transition as an inevitable momentum that will eventually phase out the 1880s-era internal combustion engine, despite the trillions of dollars required to upgrade power grids and stabilize regions reliant on oil revenue.

The Impact Investing Summit

Matthew Bishop, Lisa Ashford, Mark Campanale, Mark Goldring, Lutfey Siddiqi, Matthew Spencer, Tristram Stewart, Rod Schwartz, Arthur Wood, Mel Tam

In an Oxford-style debate regarding the primary agent for climate action, Lisa Ashford and Mark Campanali argued that investors and bankers can bypass political inertia to drive rapid decarbonization, while Matthew Spencer and colleagues contended that social movements and government policy are essential to establish the regulatory frameworks that make green investment viable. Despite pro-market arguments citing market failures and capital efficiency, the opposition team successfully countered by highlighting historical precedents where moral pressure and state intervention preceded financial shifts. Ultimately, the side opposing the motion won by persuading the audience to view political and social activism as the necessary "generals" that guide the "cavalry" of private capital.

The deep ocean is the final frontier on planet Earth

Bobby Moore, Greg stone, Jim Delgado

Utilizing the US government vessel *Okeanos Explorer* and its advanced *Deep Discover* ROV, an international team is investigating the World War I-era submarine wreck of the S-19 while contending with extreme pressures and critical technical failures. Although scientists hope to uncover clues about the origins of life in deep-sea ecosystems and assess the economic potential of rare earth mineral mining, they simultaneously document pervasive marine debris to underscore the urgency of stewarding these fragile environments. This mission highlights the accelerating race to explore the uncharted depths, balancing historical discovery and resource extraction against the need to protect the ocean's closed-system integrity.

Corals: can they be saved from climate change?

Darwin, Dr. Ruth Gates, Ginny, Yimnang Golbu, Craig

With over half of global coral reefs already dead and climate change outpacing natural adaptation, scientists are racing to preserve marine biodiversity through a global "Noah's Ark" project led by researchers like Dr. Ruth Gates and Dr. Mary Hagedorn. Utilizing cryopreservation technology to bank genetic material and developing "super corals" via assisted evolution, these efforts aim to deploy heat-resistant strains to critical ecosystems in Hawaii and Palau. Despite logistical challenges limiting species collection, the initiative seeks to prevent the irreversible loss of habitats that support one-quarter of marine life and sustain 500 million people.

The Agenda: Minouche Shafik discusses education and inequality

Minouche Shafik

Drawing on personal experience from post-revolution Egypt and global economic trends, the speaker argues that nationalization and rigid educational systems have eroded social mobility while lifelong learning gaps disproportionately favor the wealthy. The presentation critiques the failure of traditional models, including German vocational training, to prepare workers for careers that may shift two to five times, a disconnect that fuels public backlash against elitist experts. Consequently, the argument posits that policy reform depends on replacing jargon with accessible communication to bridge the divide between economic realities and public perception.

Populism is reshaping our world

Matteo Renzi, Beppe Grillo, Jeff Siegel, Virginia Raggi, Robert Callista, Russell Hancock, Harry Part Ovi, Sebastian Thrun

Following the 2016 Italian referendum defeat of Prime Minister Matteo Renzi, the Five Star Movement capitalized on economic stagnation to emerge as the primary opposition party, signaling a broader global surge in populism driven by automation-induced inequality. While experts identify technological displacement, particularly in sectors like trucking, as a root cause of economic dislocation, leaders such as Sebastian Thrun and Harry Part Ovi advocate for systemic reforms including lifelong learning and accessible retraining programs. Ultimately, restoring stability to Western democracies requires political and business leaders to address the grievances of alienated populations through concrete economic solutions rather than allowing technological disruption to fuel further anti-establishment sentiment.

Discover London: royal shopping and wild-swimming

Megan Clay Jones, James, David Morgan-Hewitt, Peter, Edward Boddenham

London recently welcomed 30 million visitors, solidifying its status as the globe's premier international destination through a unique blend of historic luxury and emerging subcultures. The city showcases this duality via high-end establishments like The Goring hotel, which continues to attract global icons, alongside transformative shifts in East London where former slums have evolved into creative hubs featuring floating businesses and canal-side communities. Beyond the traditional tourist trajectory, London distinguishes itself with extensive green spaces like Hampstead Heath and authentic local experiences such as the Campfire Club and traditional greyhound racing in Romford, offering residents and tourists alike a mix of urban retreat and vibrant social connection.

Discover Osaka: sushi, tattoos, and a flourishing nightlife

Kai Tatsuo, Hori Beni, Kanayo Ueda

Osaka's distinct cultural identity as a rambunctious merchant town is embodied by residents like kappo chef Kai Tatsuo, artist Hori Beni, and poet Kanayo Ueda, who navigate a landscape ranging from the frantic, rock-paper-scissors-decided tuna auctions at its massive fish market to the communal intimacy of its post-war public bathhouses. Despite historical wartime destruction and modern stigmas associating tattoos with organized crime, the city offers a unique culinary and recreational experience through its street food, strategic board games, and extended nightlife in districts like America-mura. Visitors are consistently encouraged by locals to embrace the city's outgoing atmosphere, which contrasts sharply with Japan's typical demeanor and allows newcomers to quickly feel accepted as fellow Osakans.

Oil and gas companies are facing major technological disruption

Kristina Bechteler, Farmer Einsiedler, Günter Mürgele

Amidst the seismic financial shifts of the global energy sector, traditional giants like Statoil and E.ON are fundamentally restructuring to adapt to post-Paris climate mandates and halving valuations. These industry leaders are pivoting from centralized fossil fuel dominance toward decentralized renewable models, exemplified by Statoil's offshore carbon capture and E.ON's split into distinct renewable and commodity units. Concurrently, technological breakthroughs in floating wind farms and local energy cooperatives are enabling a transition where billions of euros are deployed to secure a future where clean energy generation consistently outpaces consumption.

The music industry and the digital revolution

Nick Raphael, Willard Ardritz, Jacob Whitesides, Elliot

While traditional major labels have long dominated the market by financing artist development and retaining master rights, the industry is shifting toward a service-based model driven by technological disruption. Startups like Cobalt now enable thousands of songwriters to retain full ownership and access previously hidden revenue streams, challenging the status quo that relied on catalog sales to fund new acts. This evolving landscape empowers established independent artists with significant leverage, prompting major corporations to adapt from strict ownership models to partnerships focused on specific commercialization services.

Discover Buenos Aires: slabs of meat, Malbec and polo

Buenos Aires presents a cultural landscape where street art, historical street polo played by rural gauchos, and the communal "asado" ritual define the social fabric alongside a thriving market economy born from the 2001 financial crisis. The city's unique identity is further expressed through politically charged Murga dance groups and a sophisticated nightlife scene of password-protected speakeasies that evolved during times of economic hardship. These diverse elements collectively offer a deep exploration of Argentine heritage, from government-designated notable bars to the world's largest street mural by artist Alfredo Segatore.

Discover Colombo: travel in the fastest-growing city in the world

Sonali Dharmavardana, Darshan Munitasa, Gabby White

Following the end of its civil war, Colombo is rapidly transforming into the world's fastest-growing city destination through a fusion of heritage preservation and modern creative industries. Key figures such as celebrity chef Darshan Muniasami, fashion designer Sonali Dharmavardana, and former cricketer Kumar Sangakkara are driving this renaissance by revitalizing culinary identity and showcasing the unique blend of colonial architecture with contemporary lifestyle in venues like the Ministry of Crab. Local experts and residents now urge immediate international engagement, positioning the current moment as a unique window for travelers to experience the city's authentic cultural depth before these rapid developments become fully mainstream.