Latest Interviews

How To Design In The Agent Era

Stephen Haney, Aaron Epstein

Led by Stephen Haney, Paper is an AI-native design platform currently ranking as the third most-used tool behind Figma and Sketch, utilizing a native HTML and CSS rendering engine to facilitate precise agent collaboration. The application distinguishes itself by treating code as the single source of truth, offering features like direct React component handoff and an MCP server that allows autonomous agents to manipulate local repositories and design canvases. While the team prioritizes human curation to maintain design quality against common AI aesthetic pitfalls, the platform is rapidly evolving into a visual coordination layer for the broader agent ecosystem by integrating tools like Paper Shaders and multi-model image generation.

Waymo Co-CEO Dmitri Dolgov: The Demo Is Only 1% Of The Work

Dmitri Dolgov

Waymo has advanced its fully autonomous fleet to operate 500 weekly trips across 15 U.S. cities, achieving a safety record 17 times better than human drivers through a multimodal sensor architecture and a foundation model utilizing both fast geometric reactions and slow semantic reasoning. The company addresses the unique challenges of physical AI by integrating real-world data into a generative simulation ecosystem that creates rare edge cases for training, while its "Safety and Readiness Framework" rigorously validates performance to ensure public trust and regulatory compliance. Looking ahead, this structural augmentation and flywheel of agent, simulator, and critic data positions Waymo to expand its technology beyond personal vehicles into trucking and broader physical applications.

Kernels and Chips: Cursor, NVIDIA, and Meta Researchers on GPU Performance | YC Paper Club

Stuart Sul, John, Francois Chaubard, Jon Saad-Falcon, Mark Saroufim, Misha Smelyanskiy, Brennan Shacklett

The event synthesizes critical industry shifts toward specialized ASICs and disaggregated architectures that separate training and inference workloads to maximize intelligence per watt. Technical deep dives highlight breakthroughs in multi-GPU kernel optimization and local inference, demonstrating that consumer accelerators can now deliver nearly 90% of frontier model utility while reducing energy costs by 70%. These innovations collectively address systemic bottlenecks in network communication and latency, establishing a roadmap for distributed, cost-efficient AI ecosystems that minimize reliance on centralized cloud resources.

Blake Scholl: How 50 People Built a Supersonic Jet

Blake Scholl

Founded by Blake Scholl in 2014, Boom Supersonic successfully developed the XB-1, the first privately built jet to break the sound barrier, using a lean team and software-driven engineering to overcome decades of aviation stagnation. This historic flight directly catalyzed a shift in US federal policy, prompting an Executive Order that legalized supersonic flight over land and clearing the path for the upcoming Overture airliner. By vertically integrating manufacturing and creating revenue through ground-based engines, the company aims to double global travel speeds while eliminating the traditional sonic boom barrier.

What Actually Makes A Startup Durable

Paul Graham and YC partners outline a strategic framework for navigating the AI era, emphasizing that while AI increases individual productivity by 1,000x, founders must target "hard" problems with durable moats to survive market saturation. The session advises building companies through co-founders who provide essential emotional support rather than just complementary skills, noting that human judgment remains critical for community building and navigating high-stakes pivots. Finally, students are offered over $25,000 in AI credits to neutralize geographical disadvantages, reinforcing the program's focus on rapid execution and deep market engagement over theoretical development.

World Models, JEPA And The Path To Sample-Efficient RL

Ankit, Francois

This event analyzes the critical bottleneck of sample efficiency in artificial intelligence, contrasting current deep learning models' massive data requirements with the human brain's ability to learn from minimal experience through superior world modeling. The discussion details how advancements in non-differentiable control theories, video diffusion architectures, and Joint Embedding Predictive Architectures are shifting strategies from model-free behavior cloning to synthetic, simulation-based planning for complex robotic and autonomous driving tasks. By addressing scaling challenges in high-dimensional action spaces and architectural limitations like the Transformer's inefficiency in time-domain compression, the presentation outlines a roadmap toward general-purpose robotics and AGI by 2026 through the integration of "awake sleep" mechanisms and physics-informed predictive systems.

The Most AI-Pilled CEO We Know

Pedro Franceschi, Jared, Gary, Mark Mandelmann, Jason Mayes

Pedro Franceschi outlines a strategic framework for AI-native leadership, urging CEOs to act as Chief AI Officers who "re-found" their companies by treating AI as an agent rather than a tool, while distinguishing between product, operational, and corporate adoption agendas. Brex exemplifies this approach through its security architecture, which employs the open-sourced Crab Trap proxy to manage agent permissions and the Magpie system to track granular token ROI, thereby achieving high automation rates while maintaining rigorous control. This evolution signals a broader industry shift where founders focus on defining problems and capturing out-of-distribution human wisdom, while the operational burden shifts to self-improving, domain-specific virtual employees that will eventually redefine corporate hierarchies around AI interfaces.

Inside YC's AI Playbook

Pete Koomen, Gary, Jared, Diana, Tom, Boris

Y Combinator has redefined its operational model by evolving into a super AI-native organization that treats artificial intelligence as a foundational infrastructure rather than a mere tool, enabling autonomous agents to access a unified PostgreSQL database for complex business logic. This architecture supports a dynamic ecosystem of over 350 specialized tools and a daily "dream cycle" process that refines workflows based on meeting transcripts, effectively compressing employee onboarding and eliminating traditional manual coding bottlenecks. By broadcasting internal agent interactions to public channels and investing heavily in token costs, YC advocates for a decentralized future of just-in-time software where human prompts drive the interface, positioning the firm to leapfrog competitors reliant on conventional co-pilot methodologies.

How The Best Companies Defend Against Mediocrity And Rot

Garry, Eric Ries

Eric Ries exposes how the 1980s doctrine of shareholder primacy systematically undermines long-term company value, citing cases like Jeff Lawson's ouster at Twilio and Saul Price's departure from FedMart as evidence that founder control is often lost to short-term investor demands. To counter this instability, the event advocates for structural reforms such as the industrial foundation model, which legally prioritizes mission over profit, as demonstrated by the sustained success of entities like Novo Nordisk and the mission-preserving safeguards of Anthropic. The presentation concludes by urging founders to immediately adopt Public Benefit Corporation status and design "governance fortresses" to insulate their organizations from the inherent conflicts of standard corporate governance.

The Future Of Brain-Computer Interfaces

Max Hodak, Garry

Science co-founder Max Hodak outlines a biotechnology roadmap centered on the Prima retinal implant, which has already restored form vision to over 40 patients with macular degeneration, and predicts an imminent "takeoff era" that could enable the first 1,000-year lifespans. Beyond vision restoration, his company is developing bio-hybrid neural interfaces that integrate stem-cell-derived neurons into the brain and portable "Vessel" perfusion systems to revolutionize organ preservation and treat severe disabilities like glaucoma. These initiatives aim to shift healthcare from slow drug discovery to precise neural engineering, potentially achieving high-bandwidth human-AI integration within the next two decades.

Inside Claude Code With Its Creator Boris Cherny

Boris Cherny, Mark Mandelmann, Jr., Francesc Campoy, Melanie Warrick

Anthropic has accelerated its engineering velocity to a 150% growth rate by leveraging *Claude Code* to generate 70% to 90% of its own source code and rewriting its entire codebase every six months to avoid technical debt. The organization operates a bimodal workforce of specialists and generalists while predicting that traditional software engineering roles will fade as AI automates coding tasks. With *Claude Code* now powering the majority of developer sessions and influencing 4% of public industry commits, the company is simultaneously expanding into non-technical domains through *Co-work* and monitoring its safety rating at ASL 3.

We're All Addicted To Claude Code

Calvin French-Owen

Industry analysis indicates a decisive shift toward Command Line Interfaces as the primary interaction layer for coding agents, with Anthropic's Cloud Code utilizing subagent models and OpenAI's Codex employing periodic compaction to manage context windows. Senior engineers are increasingly adopting a managerial role to direct autonomous workflows, while top-tier practitioners distinguish themselves by enforcing rigorous testing protocols and minimizing codebase noise to prevent model degradation. This evolution fosters a tension between rapid, bottom-up grassroots adoption driven by speed and enterprise-mandated top-down security controls, fundamentally reshaping software development structures toward smaller teams operating under vast agent armories.

The 7 Most Powerful Moats For AI Startups

Jared, Diana, Gary, Tiana, Harjit

Founders now treat defensive moats as existential necessities to combat margin erosion, prioritizing execution speed and specialized engineering over traditional growth hacks. Key strategies include securing non-arbitrageable assets like regulatory approvals, leveraging deep workflow integration to create high switching costs, and adopting "work completed" pricing models to bypass incumbents' automation cannibalization traps. Ultimately, these tactics focus on emerging as sustainable advantages only after validating solutions to critical customer pain points, rather than relying on long-term strategic forecasting.

The FDE Playbook for AI Startups with Bob McGrew

Bob McGrew, Jared

Originating at Palantir to solve intelligence agencies' workflow opacity, the Forward Deployed Engineer model embeds analysts and prototypers at customer sites to drive product discovery through high-touch, outcome-based engagements. This strategy has rapidly spread to the AI sector, where over 100 startups now hire FDEs to bridge the gap between generic large-scale models and specific enterprise needs while securing contracts tied to delivered value rather than usage. As OpenAI’s Bob McGrew observes, these on-site teams function as essential execution layers that extract practical utility from rapidly advancing technology, positioning human ingenuity and adaptive implementation as the primary drivers of market adoption.

How This 25-Year-Old Built A $675M Legal AI Startup (With No Legal Experience)

Gustaf Alströmer, Max Junestrand, Mark Mandelmann, Martin Splitt

Founded in 2024 by Max Giunestrand, Legora is an AI-powered workspace for legal professionals that recently secured an $80 million Series B funding round led by Iconic and General Catalyst. The company differentiates itself through a "software + service" hybrid model and a data-centric architecture that ensures GDPR compliance by hosting all European client data within the EU. With a flat organizational structure that scaled from ten to 100 employees in less than a year, Legora is aggressively expanding its operations to hubs in New York, London, and Stockholm to support law firms in navigating the AI transition.