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How AI is Affecting GDP Growth, Productivity, and Jobs

Sharmin Mossavar-Rahmani, Jan Hatzius

Goldman Sachs estimates that while AI currently contributes a modest 0.1 percentage points to U.S. GDP, it is driving $600 billion in domestic capital expenditure with projections reaching up to $7 trillion cumulatively by 2030. Over the next decade, these investments are expected to raise productivity levels by approximately 15% and push long-term growth forecasts into the mid-2% range, despite immediate headwinds from import deductions and capital reallocation. Although roughly 25% of work tasks are exposed to AI technology, analysis suggests only 6% to 7% will result in direct job elimination, leading to a gradual transition that may raise the unemployment rate by up to 1 percentage point over ten years without triggering a sudden labor shock.