The Economist

Tony Blair on Brexit's second referendum

Tony Blair, Anne McElvoy

Former UK Prime Minister Tony Blair advocates for a final Brexit referendum to resolve parliamentary gridlock, arguing that the public must judge a choice between a "soft Brexit" and a "clean break" based on two years of economic deterioration. Beyond the domestic impasse, Blair warns that Brexit has caused the UK to shift from the fastest-growing to the slowest G7 economy and framed the split as a geopolitical disaster that weakens Western unity against the rising influence of China. While proposing these immediate political solutions, Blair also outlines his global work through the newly consolidated Institute for Global Change, which employs 250 staff to advance center-left liberalism and address issues ranging from counter-extremism to the Israeli-Palestinian peace process.

Putin's Russia and the ghost of the Romanovs

Putin, Romanovs

On the centenary of the Bolshevik execution of the Romanov family, Russian President Vladimir Putin navigates a political dilemma by promoting a revisionist narrative that frames Russia as a continuous state under an all-powerful autocrat, thereby sidestepping the condemnation of the 1917 revolution that established the modern state. This approach leverages an alliance with the Russian Orthodox Church to legitimize Putin's centralization of power and domestic repression, contrasting sharply with the 1998 efforts to acknowledge the Tsarist murder as a crime. Despite the current stability of his regime through military conflicts and the erosion of the Duma's authority, historical precedents suggest the unpredictability of Russia's governmental systems.

Women and the Saudi revolution

Zanny Minton Beddoes, Noor Shabib, Hoda al-Halaissi

Led by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Saudi Arabia is executing a rapid top-down modernization strategy that lifts social restrictions like the ban on women driving while simultaneously centralizing political power and suppressing dissent. Although these reforms aim to diversify the oil-dependent economy by integrating the majority-female university graduate workforce, they face significant risks from religious puritans, rival royals, and a volatile youth population whose aspirations remain unmet by the regime's refusal to democratize. The success of this delicate balancing act is critical, as a stable, moderate Saudi Arabia could significantly enhance regional security and offer a counter-narrative to extremist interpretations of Islam globally.

Can eco-tourism help save the ocean?

Marit Miner, Ahmad

In Indonesia's Coral Triangle, the Mizzul Marine Protected Area transitioned from a poached wasteland to a thriving ecosystem through a private-enterprise model founded by Andrew and Marit Miners. This initiative employs over 200 locals in conservation and tourism roles, utilizing ocean rangers to enforce a no-take ban that has boosted shark populations by 25 times and increased marine biomass by 600%. By generating revenue that exceeds former fishing income, the project demonstrates a scalable financial argument for biodiversity protection that local communities now control.

James Comey on emails, the "American giant" and the end of Donald Trump

James Comey, Donald Trump, Anne McElvoy

Former FBI Director James Comey articulates his judgment that President Trump is morally unfit for office while asserting the FBI remains a rock-solid, unpoliticized institution despite intense scrutiny. He reflects on the contentious October 28 decision regarding the Clinton email investigation and expresses skepticism about the North Korean denuclearization deal, maintaining high confidence that the Mueller probe will uncover criminal facts regardless of political fallout. Looking ahead to his public policy course at the College of William & Mary, Comey emphasizes that ethical leadership is defined by rigorous truth-seeking processes rather than outcomes, arguing that American democratic values may ultimately strengthen through a necessary national reassessment.

Can technology save the rarest creatures on the planet?

Douglas McCauley, Doug

UC Santa Barbara marine science professor Douglas Macaulay is deploying a NASA-derived facial recognition algorithm to non-invasively identify individual giant sea bass through unique spot patterns, successfully cataloging 115 of the roughly 500 remaining individuals. This "Facebook for fish" system provides critical evidence of anthropogenic injuries and migration routes that expose the inadequacy of current marine protected areas covering only 3.7% of the ocean. By bridging marine biology and Silicon Valley computer science, Macaulay aims to generate the robust data necessary to advocate for expanded conservation zones and secure a long-term future for this near-extinct species.

Can a cure for diabetes be found through surgery?

Peter Hansel, Professor Francesco Rubino

Despite the global surge of Type 2 diabetes affecting one in ten people by 2040, Professor Francesco Rubino's research demonstrates that gastric bypass surgery can induce immediate remission by correcting duodenal hormone signaling rather than relying solely on weight loss. While only 0.1% to 1% of eligible patients currently access this life-saving procedure, Rubino is leading clinical trials on non-invasive alternatives and driving updates to international guidelines that recognize surgery as a primary treatment option. This work provides critical biological evidence that challenges the "lifestyle disease" narrative, offering a pathway for future pharmaceutical cures to address the epidemic without requiring invasive intervention.

El Salvador's violent gang members are finding God in prison

Wilfredo Gómez

Following his deportation from the U.S. to El Salvador in 1996, former 18th Street gang member Wilfredo Gómez founded a Christian prison ministry that expanded to house over 900 inmates within a violent, overcrowded system. While the program offered temporary sanctuary and social mobility through a segregated religious zone, its long-term success remains limited as societal stigma and a lack of employment opportunities prevent most converts from maintaining their faith outside prison. Ultimately, the initiative highlights a critical gap between individual rehabilitation within the jail and the structural barriers preventing former gang members from achieving permanent reintegration into Salvadoran society.

When thoughts control machines

Brain-computer interface projects led by entities such as the U.S. Brain Initiative, Kernel, Neuralink, and DARPA are rapidly advancing from controlling prosthetics to decoding entire neural circuits with the goal of restoring motor function for paralyzed patients. As these technologies evolve to read and write neural codes, experts highlight critical ethical imperatives regarding neuroprivacy and the prevention of a societal capability gap between enhanced humans and artificial intelligence. The immediate focus remains on medical recovery, while long-term aspirations address the profound necessity of co-evolving with machines to ensure equitable access and safeguard human autonomy against the rapid pace of technological development.

Ireland: divided by abortion

On May 25th, Irish voters will decide whether to repeal the Eighth Amendment, a 1983 constitutional provision that currently bans abortion except when the mother's life is at risk. Prime Minister Leo Varadkar and pro-choice advocates, citing the unsafe nature of current cross-border travel and shifting public sentiment, support legalization up to the twelfth week, while pro-life campaigners warn that removing the amendment permanently prevents future legislative control. With recent polls showing the electorate is nearly evenly split, this referendum represents a definitive test of Ireland's transition toward a secular society or its retention of traditional conservative values.

Exploring and protecting the Antarctic

Dr. Susan Lockhart, John Hosevar

Dr. Susan Lockhart and co-pilot John Hosevar achieved the first human submersion in the Antarctic Weddell Sea, where their observations of fragile ecosystems like deep-sea sponges contradicted assumptions that the deep seabed was barren. Their data revealing the extreme vulnerability of these communities to industrial fishing underscores the urgent need to expand global ocean protection beyond the current 3.7%. This evidence is now poised for a critical Antarctic Commission vote in July 2018, where unanimous consensus from member states could establish the region as the world's largest no-fishing zone despite historical delays in such approvals.

How does sci-fi influence the real world?

Martin Cooper, Jeff Bezos, Elon Musk, Paul McAuley, Syd Mead

Prominent innovators like Martin Cooper, Jeff Bezos, and Elon Musk have directly translated science fiction concepts from works such as *Star Trek* and *Blade Runner* into tangible technologies ranging from mobile phones to Mars colonization efforts. By examining the mechanical viability strategies of designers like Sid Mead and the ethical warnings embedded in narratives about AI and virtual reality, industry leaders utilize the genre to anticipate both technological trajectories and societal risks. Ultimately, the event highlights how a sci-fi foundation drives real-world innovation while serving as a crucial cautionary framework for navigating future ethical dilemmas.

How can banks be used to stop human trafficking?

Tamir, Nunzio Tramantosi, Peter Warwick, Aidan Larkin, David McLaughlin, Samart, Archna Katecha, Som Pong Sigeo, Mr. J

Global financial institutions and law enforcement agencies are collaborating to combat the $150 billion human trafficking industry by leveraging data-sharing initiatives like Canada's "Project Protect" and the UK's Joint Money-Laundering Intelligence Task Force. These partnerships, supported by machine learning technologies and NGO intelligence from regions like Thailand, have successfully increased suspicious activity reports by 350% and dismantled major criminal rings that previously evaded detection. Despite these advances, the rapid adoption of cryptocurrencies by traffickers and persistent data silos continue to drive a technological arms race requiring ongoing adaptation of anti-money laundering strategies.

Putin's games with the West

Putin, Garry Kasparov

Former chess grandmaster and exiled activist Garry Kasparov analyzes Vladimir Putin's geopolitical strategy as a deceptive game of poker rather than transparent chess, detailing how Western inaction during conflicts in Georgia, Ukraine, and Syria has repeatedly emboldened the Russian leader. Kasparov critiques the failure of past engagement policies and argues that the West must now shift toward a rigorous strategy of isolation and deterrence to impose long-term strategic losses on Russia. He proposes concrete countermeasures including economic sanctions, visa restrictions, and asset seizures to counter Putin's use of blackmail and secrecy.

Can conservation save our ocean?

Patricia Gandolfo

Conservation initiatives ranging from the armed enforcement efforts by Sea Shepherd in Mexico's Gulf of California to community-led recovery in Cabo Pulmo and Madagascar demonstrate that locally managed marine areas can reverse biomass loss and boost local incomes. These regional successes are being scaled globally through satellite technology and port state controls, which track illegal fishing vessels to disrupt supply chains and secure the $23 billion annual economic value lost to overfishing. Despite these advancements, experts warn that current ocean protection covers only 3.6% of the global sea, necessitating urgent action to achieve the 30% target by 2030 and prevent irreversible ecological collapse.