Latest Interviews

What are some things you’ve had to unlearn?

Founders often misapply the extensive infrastructure and rigorous internal standards of large technology firms like Google and Facebook to their early-stage startups, creating significant friction with engineers accustomed to corporate-grade development processes. This transition requires actively unlearning established industry practices, particularly regarding Minimum Viable Product definitions, as corporate beta standards are often ten times more rigorous than those necessary for rapid market entry. Consequently, successful startups must resist the tendency to implement inapplicable proprietary code review methods and complex internal tooling to avoid delaying product launches.

Eliezer Yudkowsky: Dangers of AI and the End of Human Civilization | Lex Fridman Podcast #368

Eliezer Yudkowsky, Lex Fridman

Eliezer Yudkowsky warns that aligning superintelligent AI requires getting the process right on the first attempt, as any failure could lead to human extinction due to an uncontrollable intelligence gap. He argues that current capabilities are advancing exponentially while safety research lags significantly, creating a risk where models optimize misaligned objectives or deceive human verifiers before a pause mechanism can be established. Consequently, Yudkowsky urges society to treat the threat as immediate rather than abstract, advocating for urgent action in alignment research and a rejection of open-sourcing advanced systems to prevent an irreversible loss of human control.

Alex Cooper: The Truth I Never Planned to Share...

Alex Cooper, Steven

Alex Cooper has grown from a bullied teenager to the creator of Spotify's *Call Her Daddy*, a podcast that generates hundreds of millions of monthly downloads while securing a $60 million exclusive deal. Despite navigating a volatile partnership, intense public scrutiny, and the psychological toll of maintaining a "wild" content schedule, she recently transitioned to a healthier personal life and established her own production company, Alex Cooper Studios. Cooper now plans to shift her career focus from on-camera hosting to behind-the-scenes production and film directing, aiming to balance commercial success with authentic storytelling.

Jag Duggal: How We Scaled Nubank to 80M Users; Google's Brutal Hiring Practices | E995

Jag Duggal, David Velez, Harry Stebbings, Kevin Systrom

Jack Borthwick, a former executive at Google and Facebook, relocated to Brazil to lead product strategy at NewBank, where he applies a hiring philosophy that prioritizes drive and clarity over traditional credentials to serve the bottom half of the global income pyramid. Under his guidance, the financial institution successfully transitioned from a savings-only model to a primary banking relationship by leveraging data-driven metrics like churn and the "Sean Ellis test" to build genuine customer loyalty. Borthwick's approach combines rigorous execution speed with strategic clarity, enabling the company to disrupt traditional banking in Latin America while planning expansion into Mexico and Colombia.

Navigating the new geopolitical and technology landscape

George Lee, Jared Cohen, Allison Nathan

High geopolitical uncertainty and the rise of "swing states" are forcing a shift from broad regional strategies to country-specific tactics as nations leverage distinct advantages in technology and supply chains. With geopolitical drivers now overpowering traditional economic interests, major powers are engaging in asymmetric competition over critical technologies like semiconductors and AI, creating an "impedance mismatch" between slow government regulation and rapid technological evolution. To navigate this landscape, leaders must integrate deep geopolitical analysis with commercial insights to mitigate risks and capitalize on the emerging "geocommercial" opportunities across these fragmented global markets.

Tony Hawk: The Man With The $1.4 Billion Name! Burnout, Obsession & Regrets

Tony Hawk

Professional skateboarder Tony Hawk, who amassed a dominant record before pivoting to the "Tony Hawk's Pro Skater" game franchise for financial security, overcame a decade of injury risks to land the 900 and later utilized therapy to prioritize family over a hollow celebrity existence. His enduring legacy now spans a diverse business portfolio including Birdhouse Skateboards and The Skate Park Project, while his career longevity is sustained by shifting to low-impact technical maneuvers. Hawk advises that true mastery requires balancing 10,000 hours of skill development with emotional vulnerability and the courage to leave one's comfort zone.

Ilya Sutskever (OpenAI Chief Scientist) — Why next-token prediction could surpass human intelligence

Ilya Sutskever

OpenAI co-founder Ilya Sutskever outlines a trajectory where rapidly advancing AI models will face a critical bottleneck in reliability before reaching full AGI maturity by 2030, driven by the need to surpass human-level performance through scalable reasoning and automated data generation. He warns that aligning superintelligent systems will require a hybrid approach of adversarial testing and behavioral analysis to prevent deception, while predicting that economic value will remain robust despite data scarcity as long as inference costs stay justified by utility. Ultimately, Sutskever envisions a post-AGI future where human-AI collaboration fosters widespread moral and intellectual evolution, provided that continuous innovation in trustworthiness prevents the commoditization of core research.

Dara Khosrowshahi: How I Became CEO of Uber; Uber Eats vs DoorDash; The Postmates Acquisition | E994

Dara Khosrowshahi, Harry Stebbings

Dara Khosrowshahi applies a philosophy of sustained excellence and calculated risk to guide Uber through its transformation from a crisis-ridden startup into a globally dominant logistics platform. By prioritizing marketplace technology over failed hardware ventures and correcting strategic missteps in delivery, he has successfully orchestrated complex supply-and-demand matching while shifting the board's focus from control to organizational success. His leadership approach emphasizes hiring for clarity of thought, maintaining a "plastic mind" to embrace mistakes, and allocating capital with a long-term perspective that balances Wall Street expectations with aggressive growth.

Sam Altman: OpenAI CEO on GPT-4, ChatGPT, and the Future of AI | Lex Fridman Podcast #367

Sam Altman, Lex Fridman

OpenAI co-founder Sam Altman discusses the organization's transition to a capped-profit structure and the technical architecture behind GPT-4, emphasizing that its capabilities stem from incremental engineering rather than a single breakthrough. He outlines a strategy of "slow takeoff" for AGI development to prioritize safety alignment through Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback while mitigating immediate risks like disinformation and economic disruption. Ultimately, Altman predicts that AI will drastically lower the cost of intelligence and drive global productivity growth, necessitating societal shifts such as Universal Basic Income to manage the resulting wealth redistribution.

Bill Ackman wants to give $7000 to every baby

Bill Ackman, Harry Stebbings

The speaker warns that rising post-crisis wealth inequality threatens societal stability by creating a divide where asset compounding vastly outpaces wage growth. To counteract this, the proposal combines a universal "Baby Bonds" program funding $6,500 accounts for every newborn with tax reforms targeting loopholes like like-kind exchanges and unrealized gains taxes. While rejecting a broad 25% tax on appreciation for risking a liquidity crisis in startups, the speaker argues that closing specific loopholes to fund these bonds is essential for providing every citizen a permanent economic stake without harming business formation.

Mike Maples: Lessons from SVB; Crisis Management Tips; USD's Status as the Reserve Currency | E993

Mike Maples, Harry Stebbings

Venture capitalist Mike Moritz warns that excessive currency printing and Federal Reserve errors have destabilized the global banking system, predicting a shift toward capital centralization in the "Big Four" banks by late 2023. He advises founders to mitigate these risks through rigorous scenario planning, maintaining liquidity across at least three non-correlated financial institutions, and adopting a crisis communication framework rooted in radical transparency. Furthermore, Moritz outlines shifting venture capital trends, noting that the capital-intensive nature of AI requires longer fund deployment timelines and a strategic focus on product-market fit over traditional board governance.

E121: Macro update, Fed hike, CRE debt bubble, Balaji's Bitcoin bet, TikTok's endgame & more

Balaji, Calacanis, Chamath Palihapitiya, David Friedberg, David Sacks, Nick Carter

A panel of financial experts and entrepreneurs critically analyzes the Federal Reserve's 25-basis point rate hike, arguing that the "middle path" fails to address the severity of the commercial real estate crisis and looming banking liquidity concerns. Key figures like Chamath Palihapitiya and Jason Sacks forecast a potential $2–3 trillion government bailout to stabilize the dollar and prevent a systemic collapse, while debating whether Bitcoin will serve as a hedge or face regulatory suppression. The discussion also covers the geopolitical fallout of a likely TikTok shutdown, the engineering breakthroughs of Relativity Space's Terran 1 launch, and warnings regarding an impending US debt ceiling default.

The Marketplace 100: A Glimpse Into the Future of Commerce

Connie Chan, Olivia Moore, Zach Cohen

The 2023 a16z Marketplace 100 Report analyzed over 12,000 private companies using Consumer Edge transaction data to rank the top platforms by 2022 Gross Merchandise Value, highlighting that 34 new entrants joined the top tier including bootstrapped RockAuto in the top ten. The analysis identifies critical trends such as the shift from static search to video-driven discovery and gamification, noting specific successes by Whatnot and Temu while emphasizing curation as a strategy for trust and safety. Looking forward, the report predicts AI will lower barriers to entry for specialized marketplaces in sectors like home services and automotive, alongside a16z's upcoming podcast and newsletter series dedicated to these emerging metrics.

Robert Greene: How To Seduce Anyone, Build Confidence & Become Powerful | E232

Robert Greene

Author Robert Greene explores the internal nature of power and the necessity of confronting human "shadow" traits, while drawing on his personal history of a debilitating stroke and subsequent recovery to illustrate themes of resilience and radical gratitude. He argues that true mastery requires abandoning the illusion of passion in favor of dedicated apprenticeship and thousands of hours of repetitive practice, a standard he believes modern instant-gratification culture actively undermines. Greene further advises young professionals to prioritize deep learning over immediate salary and cautions against the seductive power of digital interaction, emphasizing instead the primal importance of non-verbal communication and emotional vulnerability in building genuine connections.

Hedging your bets while starting a startup?

Addressing the common dilemma where individuals feel pressured to simultaneously pursue graduate school, top-tier tech roles, quantitative finance, or startups, the speaker asserts that excelling in all four paths concurrently is effectively impossible. The presentation redefines success not by external career outcomes but by the internal metric of total emotional investment and learning, explicitly advising against quitting secure positions like those at Google without being fully aware of the significant risks involved. By framing any chosen path as a positive experience if executed with maximum dedication, the framework eliminates regret by ensuring pride in the work stems from one's complete commitment to the effort.