Latest Interviews

When Biology Moves to Engineering

Vijay Pande

Positioning biological evolution as a source of accumulated "technical debt," the event frames modern healthcare challenges as engineering problems solvable through AI-driven precision rather than traditional trial-and-error discovery. Key advancements in automated circuit design and behavioral digital therapeutics demonstrate how this shift enables predictable, high-accuracy solutions for complex conditions like cancer and diabetes. Ultimately, the approach seeks to transform medicine by engineering the reversal of aging and optimizing systemic care coordination to move from reactive sick care to proactive health maintenance.

Talks at GS – Naval Ravikant: The Capital Play Behind Blockchain and Cryptocurrency

Naval Ravikant

The event examines blockchain technology as a novel governance mechanism that solves consensus problems without central authority, highlighting applications ranging from Bitcoin to decentralized identity networks. It details the stringent technical expertise required to navigate high-risk investment environments marred by market manipulation, insider trading, and the complexities of ICOs replacing traditional capital formation models. Finally, the presentation analyzes how national competitiveness is shifting toward reserve currency status and regulatory adaptability as governments confront the legal challenges of enforcing laws on code-based speech and decentralized networks.

Challenges in Healthcare Innovation

Jorge Conde

The healthcare sector faces a critical efficiency crisis known as Eroom's Law, where rising costs and long timelines for drug discovery are exacerbated by a fundamental lack of biological understanding for complex diseases like Alzheimer's. This challenge is driving a rapid convergence of genomics, artificial intelligence, and engineering, which is transforming medicine from an experimental science into an engineered discipline capable of creating intelligent, logic-based therapies. As the industry shifts from traditional animal models to predictive organ-on-chip systems and embraces digital therapeutics, the alignment of payors, regulators, and innovators is accelerating the delivery of curative precision treatments while extending biological design principles into data storage and manufacturing.

AI: What's Working, What's Not

Frank Chen

The event details the rapid integration of AI into the core strategies of global corporations like GAFA and BAT, highlighting how leaders such as Vladimir Putin view AI dominance as critical to geopolitical power. It examines practical applications ranging from visual recognition and natural language processing to autonomous robotics, while noting that investors are increasingly funding the underlying infrastructure required to build these models. Despite these advances, the presentation clarifies the limitations of current narrow AI, contrasts China's aggressive national data strategy with Western approaches, and reassures audiences that historical automation trends correlate with workforce expansion rather than net job loss.

Lessons in Leadership: Women Breaking Barriers and Battling Bias

Yomi Abiola, Richard Ditizio, Asli Bayram, Jackie Cooper, Lynne Franks, Assia Grazioli-Venier, Brenda Trenowden

This panel of business leaders and activists argues that achieving global gender equality requires structural reforms beyond individual mentorship, citing the "elephant and giraffe" parable and Norway's 40% board quota as evidence that systemic bias must be dismantled through enforceable mandates and diverse executive empowerment. Key speakers including Asya and Brenda Trenodin outlined strategies such as replacing passive mentorship with active sponsorship, utilizing AI to neutralize gendered hiring language, and investing in mixed-gender leadership to normalize female presence in high-stakes corporate and venture capital environments. While acknowledging slow progress highlighted by the World Economic Forum's 2186 equality projection, the group emphasized that accelerating this timeline demands measurable KPIs, top-down accountability, and a shift in corporate culture from tolerance to active inclusion.

10 Year Futures (vs. What's Happening Now)

Benedict Evans

The analysis contrasts the saturation of current smartphone platforms with the emergence of new technology curves, noting that while tech giants like Amazon and Google dominate existing markets, historical precedents suggest their dominance remains vulnerable to disruption. It specifically evaluates four emerging sectors through a construction metaphor, identifying artificial intelligence as an active application phase, cryptocurrency and mixed reality as foundational development stages, and autonomous vehicles as early infrastructure work. These shifts are driven by advances in machine learning and computer vision that enable new forms of automation, redefine urban infrastructure, and transform financial trust into programmable software.

Nate Foster: Verifying Network Data Planes

Nate Foster, Bill Hallahan, JK Lee, Cole Schlesinger, Steffen Smolks, Robert Soule, Han Wang, Ron

Cornell Professor Nate Foster and Barefoot Networks have developed an automated verification tool for P4 programs running on programmable data planes to prevent catastrophic network failures caused by configuration errors. This system transforms P4 code into guarded commands to efficiently compute weakest preconditions using the Sacks and Flanagan algorithm, checking safety conditions against the Z3 SMT solver to generate counter-examples for invalid header accesses without requiring manual annotations. By modeling the separation between data and control planes through ghost state, the tool validates programs up to 20,000 lines of code in minutes, establishing a critical foundation for verifying complex software-defined network topologies.

California Leading the Future of Energy #CALeading

Harry Atwater, Caroline Choi, Mark Herrema, Jane Wells, Richard D'Atezio

At the Milken Institute's 20th-anniversary global conference, 4,000 participants explored the "building meaningful lives" theme by examining California as a microcosm for solving global challenges in health, energy, and infrastructure. Key speakers, including Professor Harry Atwater and representatives from Southern California Edison and New Light Technologies, presented critical data on decarbonizing transportation, leveraging artificial photosynthesis for fuel synthesis, and converting agricultural methane into biodegradable plastics. The dialogue emphasized that achieving the Paris Agreement targets requires massive investment in zero-carbon energy capacity, a seven-million-electric-vehicle fleet by 2030, and strategic shifts toward private-sector innovation to bridge funding gaps in solving issues like malnutrition and clean energy access.

The Most Important Decision is Getting Started – Laura Behrens Wu

Laura Behrens Wu, Carolyn Levy

Shippo, co-founded by Laura Behrens-Wu and Simon, built an API platform that processes millions of monthly shipments for 16,000 e-commerce merchants after pivoting to solve critical shipping transparency issues. The company successfully raised $9 million in two rounds despite facing significant hurdles, including 115 investor rejections, team turnover, and a lawsuit, by maintaining transparent communication and executing a compressed four-week Series A process. Behrens-Wu now leverages this experience to advocate for inclusive hiring practices and warns founders to vet investors on their crisis management behaviors while navigating systemic gender biases in the B2B technology sector.

Electric cars will come of age in 2018

The 2018 automotive landscape marked a global tipping point where electric vehicle costs fell below those of fossil fuel models, driven by halved battery prices, doubled driving ranges, and government mandates from nations like Britain and France to ban internal combustion engines by 2040. China's dominance in production and sales, combined with corporate commitments to fully electrify fleets, aims to disrupt global oil demand while introducing ethical supply chain challenges regarding cobalt extraction in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Experts characterize this transition as an inevitable momentum that will eventually phase out the 1880s-era internal combustion engine, despite the trillions of dollars required to upgrade power grids and stabilize regions reliant on oil revenue.

Al Gore: Leading the Charge for Environmental Action

Al Gore, S Iswaran, Michael Klowden

A comprehensive analysis frames the climate crisis as a solvable sustainability revolution driven by AI, IoT expansion, and renewable economics that now outperform fossil fuels. Despite accelerating temperature anomalies, extreme weather events, and ecosystem collapse threatening global stability, the speaker highlights record-breaking decarbonization trends and a $22 trillion financial risk assessment that compels market-led action. Ultimately, the transition is portrayed as inevitable due to technological capability and investment momentum, even as political fluctuations and lagging mitigation efforts continue to exacerbate immediate atmospheric and humanitarian risks.

Jobs of 2037: Preparing for the Future

Michael Milken, Josephine Teo, Joseph C. Tsai, Igor Tulchinsky, Jaime Augusto Zóbel de Ayala, Michael Clouden

The Milken Institute Global Conference Asia Summit addressed the strategic imperative of balancing automation with human connection to prepare for a global population projected to reach one billion more by 2037. Speakers from Singapore, the Philippines, and China highlighted successful models where targeted education, industry transformation maps, and ecosystem-driven logistics have offset workforce shrinkage and created millions of new roles. The consensus emphasizes that governments and corporations must foster facilitative environments and robust social safety nets to ensure technological advancement translates into shared economic prosperity rather than widespread displacement.

Building a Startup is About Solving a Problem - Avni Patel Thompson of Poppy

Avni Patel Thompson

Founded by Avni, Poppy is a Seattle-based childcare network designed to recreate a modern village by connecting vetted caregivers with families seeking reliability. After a failed subscription box startup and multiple rejections from Y Combinator, Avni pivoted by leveraging manual "concierge" operations to validate demand, eventually securing over $2 million in seed funding and acceptance into the Winter 2016 cohort. The company now operates on a weekly growth rhythm that prioritizes solving core customer frustrations over product perfection, demonstrating how curiosity and user feedback drove the transition from a personal struggle to a scalable business model.

Diane Greene's Advice for Founders

Diane Greene

Diane Greene, currently Chief of Google Cloud and a veteran founder who established VMware and Bebop, delivers a strategic masterclass to over 800 global female founders on building resilient enterprises. She outlines critical success factors including lean founder alignment, non-disruptive market adoption strategies, and the importance of fostering collaborative corporate cultures, drawing direct parallels between her competitive sailing experience and high-stakes business leadership. The session concludes with a Q&A segment where Greene discusses the viability of corporate intrapreneurship and shares her philosophy on prioritizing process and value creation over immediate financial outcomes.

Jeff Dean’s Lecture for YC AI

Jeff Dean, Zach Stone

The Google Brain Team outlines its mission to advance machine intelligence through foundational tools like TensorFlow, which now powers critical products including Search, Gmail, and medical diagnostic systems. Led by the speaker, the organization has transitioned from shallow methods to deep neural networks fueled by massive compute scaling, resulting in breakthroughs such as human-level translation quality and automated neural architecture search. Future developments focus on custom TPUs for cloud infrastructure and multitask models aimed at solving complex healthcare diagnostics and accelerating scientific discovery.