Latest Interviews

What SpaceX, OpenAI and Anthropic's IPOs mean for investors | The Economist

Joshua Roberts, Jason Palmer

SpaceX, OpenAI, and Anthropic are executing simultaneous "giga IPOs" projected to inject up to $4 trillion into the US stock market, driven by urgent capital needs and a strategic push to capitalize on AI-driven market euphoria. While index providers plan to rapidly integrate these valuations into benchmarks like the S&P 500 within days, analysts warn that high price-to-sales multiples and historical IPO underperformance trends suggest significant risks of price volatility and subsequent declines for early investors. This surge marks a structural shift where tech giants prioritize massive capital raising over shareholder returns, potentially reversing previous capital flows as firms speculate on future revenue streams like Mars colonization and space-based data centers.

Why are Gen-Z socialists obsessed with taxing billionaires? | The Economist

Generational shifts are driving a move from traditional progressive taxation toward novel levies on immovable wealth, exemplified by New York's new pied-à-terre tax on non-resident luxury properties. While economists debate whether targeting static assets like real estate avoids the innovation-killing pitfalls of direct billionaire wealth taxes, the discourse is increasingly expanding to include inheritance reform and one-off proposals in states like California. As AI-driven IPOs generate new ultra-high-net-worth individuals, this debate is poised to redefine fiscal policy beyond the narrow "billionaire" label in both the US and UK.

Who will be California’s next governor? | The Economist

Charlotte Howard, James Bennet, Aryn Braun, Tom Steyer, Xavier Becerra, Steve Hilton

A contentious California gubernatorial runoff looms as a referendum on the state's affordability crisis, featuring progressive challenger Tom Steyer's aggressive advertising campaign against incumbent Xavier Becerra and Republican Steve Hilton's tax-cut proposal backed by Donald Trump. Critics argue that decades of co-opted ballot measures and structural fiscal deficits under Governor Gavin Newsom have driven out-migration and created recurring budget holes, fueling a narrative of state dysfunction that Republicans hope to exploit for a rare statewide victory. The election outcome will ultimately determine whether voters prioritize the status quo or support significant policy shifts intended to reverse California's economic decline and reverse its demographic power loss in Congress.

Why it’s so much harder to hide on the battlefield | The Economist

Adam Roberts, Shashank Joshi, Raleigh, Anshul

The Ukrainian conflict has transformed into a translucent battlefield where ubiquitous sensors and cheap precision munitions have expanded kill zones to over 30 kilometers, forcing soldiers to face near-certain death from saturated airspace. Top Ukrainian commanders have leveraged this "democratized precision" to inflict monthly casualty rates of 35,000 on Russian forces, effectively testing the limits of Russia's training capacity through a strategy designed to bleed the adversary dry. While this environment empowers weaker nations to challenge superior adversaries, the high lethality of modern drone swarms simultaneously renders traditional amphibious assaults and major ground invasions increasingly untenable for global powers like China.

Is Colombia heading for its most polarised election yet? | The Economist

Kinley Salmon, Jason Palmer

Colombia faces a highly volatile presidential election defined by record violence and drug production, featuring three distinct contenders: the austere hard-left Ivan Cepeda, the spectacle-driven hard-right populist Abelardo de la Espiella, and the establishment center-right candidate Paloma Valencia. Cepeda and de la Espiella currently lead the polls by leveraging contrasting strategies against the backdrop of a failed peace process, with experts anticipating a polarized runoff between them while acknowledging Valencia's struggle to gain traction. Despite their divergent platforms, all three candidates remain viable, presenting a fractured political landscape where voters must choose between a socialist-style economic expansion, a punitive security crackdown, or a traditional focus on institutional decency.

A former CIA director on whether Russians are losing faith in Vladimir Putin

Vladimir Putin, Bill Burns, Shashank Joshi

CIA Director William Burns anticipated Russia's 2021 invasion based on intelligence revealing Vladimir Putin's belief that Ukraine was a domestic Russian issue and that Western allies were distracted, a miscalculation that has now led to a strategic inflection point. Following four years of conflict characterized by Russian casualties exceeding recruitment and severe damage to its energy sector, internal Moscow pressure is mounting despite Putin's tight repression and a temporary economic lifeline from energy exports to Iran. Current assessments indicate that any potential negotiation will likely require sustained battlefield support for Ukraine combined with severe economic pressure, even as the war's duration has depleted critical U.S. interceptor inventory needed by Kyiv.

Creating deadly human viruses will get easier with AI | The Economist

Arthur Holland Michael, Rosie Blau

Advances in artificial intelligence are rapidly lowering the barrier for non-state actors to engineer biological weapons by providing expert-level troubleshooting and access to global scientific literature. While current technology cannot yet generate novel pathogens without existing data sets, it effectively enables skilled individuals to modify existing viruses, thereby eliminating the traditional bottleneck of expert collaboration. Policymakers and developers are currently striving to implement robust refusal mechanisms and pre-release regulatory assessments to counter these evolving threats before malicious actors can exploit model vulnerabilities.

Why gold, bonds and the dollar are underwhelming investors | The Economist

Josh Roberts, Rosie Blau

Global equity markets are maintaining all-time highs despite a historic oil supply shock from the Iran conflict, as investors prioritize optimism about AI-driven growth over immediate energy disruptions. Traditional safe-haven assets like gold, the US dollar, and government bonds have lost their protective appeal due to inflation concerns and a lack of differentiation, leaving stocks as the only viable alternative. This convergence has created a market dynamic where gains are driven by a scarcity of alternatives rather than fundamental profit expectations, raising significant concerns about a potential bubble and subsequent crash.

What can Donald Trump get from Xi Jinping? | The Economist

Donald Trump, Xi Jinping, Jeremy Page, John Prideaux, James Bennet

Donald Trump's administration faces a complex landscape in US-China relations where both nations share AI safety concerns regarding nuclear weapons and cyber fraud despite deep trust deficits and divergent strategic priorities. Simultaneously, geopolitical tensions over Taiwan persist as President Xi Jinping demands extreme caution regarding arms sales following record-breaking approvals, while direct negotiations between the two leaders challenge previous diplomatic assurances. Economic negotiations may pivot toward establishing a Trade Board to resolve export overcapacity, with Beijing likely to authorize purchases of American soybeans and beef only in exchange for tangible reductions in US trade restrictions.

Will Rahm Emanuel run for president? | The Economist

Rahm Emanuel, Zanny Minton Beddoes

A prospective Democratic presidential candidate outlines a strategy for winning swing states by prioritizing "redistribution and growth" while centering campaign values on candor and authenticity to counter perceptions of weakness. On foreign policy, the figure proposes a significant NATO troop realignment west of the Rhine to deter Russia and rebuild U.S.-European trust damaged by recent administrations, while explicitly condemning the 2003 Iraq War and current Gulf conflict as strategic failures. The analysis concludes that American public support for Ukraine will persist provided leadership adopts a "smart" approach that fosters shared burdens rather than isolationism or unilateral mistakes.

Do plants feel pain? | The Economist

Michael Pollan, Alok Jha

Biologists Michael Levin and other experts presented evidence that non-neural mechanisms like bioelectric fields enable information processing in organisms without centralized brains, as demonstrated by planaria worm regeneration and conditioned *Mimosa pudica* responses. The event detailed documented plant capabilities including visual mimicry, auditory toxin release, and the distinction between environmental sentience and human-style consciousness. While debate persists regarding whether immobile flora can perceive pain, the consensus among interviewed scientists suggests that plant intelligence is fundamentally an adaptive problem-solving tool rather than a basis for moral objection to consumption.

Are AI models running out of power? | The Economist

Shailesh Chitnis, Rosie Blau

Facing severe hardware shortages and monopoly choke points where Nvidia and TSMC dominate supply, major AI developers like OpenAI and Anthropic are throttling services and redirecting resources to manage capacity. In response to these constraints, five cloud providers plan a $700 billion infrastructure build-out while companies grapple with three-to-five-year lead times for essential components and aging chip inventories. This fundamental mismatch between rapid software cycles and slow physical production is projected to reverse declining inference costs, potentially raising prices and slowing overall industry adoption.

How high could the oil price go? | The Economist

Zanny Minton Beddoes, Edward Carr, Mathieu, Henry

Global oil markets face a structural crisis where a 14 million barrel-per-day supply deficit has eroded the "sanguine" expectation of a quick peace deal, creating a price disconnect that literature estimates would require $167 to $460 per barrel to correct. With production gains from non-conflicted regions proving negligible, the market is currently absorbing this shortfall through record-fast inventory drawdowns of 8 to 10 million barrels daily, driven by pre-war shipments and sanctions-induced cargo displacement. As critical buffers for jet fuel and diesel approach minimum levels and logistical constraints lengthen trade routes, the only remaining adjustment mechanisms involve further depletion of commercial stocks or active demand destruction in major consuming regions like Asia.

Why does political violence seem to be getting worse in America? | The Economist

John Prideaux, Rosie Blau

During the White House Correspondents' Dinner, 31-year-old Cole Thomas Allen breached the Hilton Hotel security checkpoint to attempt an attack on President Trump before being tackled by police. The incident forced an immediate evacuation of the ballroom, resulted in an officer injury, and triggered a review of Secret Service protocols following the shooter's prior claims of lax access measures. While President Trump utilized the event to advocate for new defensive infrastructure and praised the agency's response, experts warn that despite a perceived rise in political violence, the long-term impact on governance and approval ratings will likely remain tied to broader economic conditions rather than the assault itself.

This vaccine could stop the next pandemic | The Economist

Ainslie Johnstone, Alok Jha

Advances in immunology over the last 15 years, highlighted by research from Mihaly Netea at Radboud University and a 2024 Stanford study, demonstrate that vaccines like BCG can epigenetically "train" the innate immune system to provide broad-spectrum protection. This emerging approach aims to deploy universal vaccines as a strategic bridge at the onset of pandemics or before flu seasons to maintain societal stability while waiting for highly specific variants to be addressed. Although current findings are limited by species differences, the proposed strategy envisions a complementary model where these broad-acting shots work alongside traditional vaccines to buy critical time against diverse pathogens.