Latest Interviews

The future of the energy industry: Goldman Sachs leaders discuss

Neil Mehta, Sarah Kiernan, Daan Struyven, Don

Global oil demand surged to a record high in 2023 and is projected to reach 107 million barrels per day by the end of the decade, driven by emerging market growth and a post-pandemic travel rebound despite a historical investment deficit. As the energy transition introduces market volatility through intermittent renewable generation and rising capital costs, major oil and gas producers are pivoting toward decarbonization strategies like hydrogen development and carbon capture rather than entering the utility sector. Meanwhile, Goldman Sachs' commodities division is supporting clients by managing price risk exposure and facilitating access to capital markets for these evolving energy projects.

Drones, Data, and Deterrence: Technology's Role in Public Safety

David Ulevitch, Garrett Langley, Kevin McMahill, Catherine

Flock Safety and Las Vegas law enforcement, led by Sheriff Kevin McMahill, have pioneered an integrated public-private safety network combining autonomous drones, gun-detection, and a localized camera grid to solve roughly 2,200 daily crimes while reducing officer-involved shootings from 25 to 6 annually. This reactive model prioritizes rapid response and data transparency, evidenced by Las Vegas achieving a 90% homicide clearance rate and communities in marginalized areas advocating for the technology's role in accountability. Backed by significant investment from Andreessen Horowitz, the system operates across 4,000 U.S. cities to deliver situational awareness within 30 seconds, effectively triaging 9,911 calls per minute and enabling near-total clearance of offenses in pilot programs.

XPO Executive Chairman Brad Jacobs on building billion-dollar companies

Brad Jacobs, Matt McClure

Brad Jacobs, who holds the record for founding five multi-billion dollar companies and has generated over $55 billion in investor value, currently serves as executive chairman of supply chain entities XPO Logistics, GXO, and RXO. His investment philosophy targets fragmented, high-GDP sectors ripe for consolidation, employing a "responsibly fast" operational tempo and direct M&A negotiations to achieve cash flow recoupment within two to four years. Jacobs combines this aggressive deal-making with a "tech-forward" strategy that leverages AI for dynamic logistics optimization while prioritizing the hiring of individuals with higher intelligence and intrinsic motivation to sustain resilient, "all-weather" business models.

Investing in a post-modern ‘super cycle’

Peter Oppenheimer, Alison Nathan

Goldman Sachs Chief Global Strategist Peter Oppenheimer outlines a "postmodern cycle" defined by higher capital costs, trade regionalization, and rising government deficits that will likely suppress medium-term equity returns. This structural shift necessitates a move away from passive index investing toward strategies that prioritize stock selection in AI-driven productivity and decarbonization infrastructure while embracing diversification to capture compounding growth. Oppenheimer warns that while generative AI and the "nostalgia economy" are reshaping labor and consumer landscapes, successful investors must extend time horizons to navigate an environment where returns depend on underlying profitability rather than valuation expansion.

Tom Blomfield: How I Created Two Billion-Dollar Fintech Startups

Tom Blomfield

Monzo and GoCardless co-founder Tom Blomfield recounts his journey from scaling two major fintech giants to suffering severe burnout that forced him to step down during the 2020 pandemic. Following a year of recovery, he transitioned into full-time venture capital, rapidly expanding his angel portfolio before securing a leadership role at Y Combinator. Blomfield now leverages his experience mentoring new founders, emphasizing how creators can redefine societal structures to solve complex problems while avoiding the emotional volatility of CEO life.

E162: Live from Davos! Milei goes viral, Adam Neumann's headwinds, streaming's broken model & more

Milei, Adam Neumann, Chamath, Jason, Friedberg, Jamie Dimon, David Sacks

The 54th Annual World Economic Forum in Davos drew global elites to address themes of rebuilding trust while grappling with populist skepticism, highlighted by Argentine President Javier Milei's warning against collectivism and JPMorgan CEO Jamie Dimon's validation of Donald Trump's economic policies. Beyond political rhetoric, the gathering served as a platform for critical analysis of regulatory capture in aviation and real estate sectors, with figures like David Sacks and David Friedberg exposing how bureaucratic inertia and misapplied capital strategies are fueling safety crises in Boeing and liquidity failures in Flow. The event ultimately underscored a shifting landscape where traditional networking models face decline, prompting leaders to debate the efficacy of current market structures against rising challenges in streaming sustainability and environmental health.

Virality and network effects drive organic growth.

Top-tier consumer companies leverage virality and network effects to drive organic user growth, with Facebook's early tagging mechanic serving as a classic example of converting incidental user actions into new sign-ups. This strategy relies on Metcalfe's Law, which posits that a product's value scales mathematically with the square of its user base, a dynamic exemplified by WhatsApp's utility increasing as participant numbers expand.

E161: US strikes Houthis, market instability, Q1 rate cuts in doubt, Carta's major mishap, DEI

Jason, Friedberg, Chamath Palihapitiya, David Sacks

David Sacks, Chamath Palihapitiya, and other analysts debated the strategic futility and political motives behind US-led airstrikes on Houthi targets in Yemen, questioning whether the operation serves genuine deterrence or domestic political distractions. The panel also forecasted persistent inflation and a "bumpy landing" for the US economy due to a depleted Strategic Petroleum Reserve and cooling corporate hiring, while warning that escalating oil prices could eliminate anticipated rate cuts. Concurrently, the discussion critiqued the venture capital sector's SaaS vulnerabilities, noting the Carta privacy scandal and the potential for AI-driven disruption, alongside a broader cultural critique of Hollywood's diversity mandates and the push for skills-based meritocracy.

Do Technical Founders Need Business Co-Founders?

Dalton Caldwell, Michael Seibel

Technical founders can successfully launch major companies like Google and NVIDIA by personally handling business operations if they possess the necessary willingness rather than just technical skill. While a non-technical partner offers specific value in regulated industries requiring deep domain expertise, investor demands for business co-founders often signal a perceived lack of execution appetite rather than a coding gap. Consequently, technical entrepreneurs are advised to personally manage sales and fundraising or hire staff instead of assuming a business co-founder is a mandatory prerequisite for startup success.

US presidential elections outlook: Implications for policy and markets

Joe Wall, Alec Phillips, Alison Nathan

The 2024 U.S. presidential election, held on November 5, presents significant market volatility risks as former President Donald Trump leads the Republican primary against Nikki Haley despite facing 91 criminal indictments. The general election outcome will likely be decided by seven competitive states, with third-party candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. polling at historically high levels that could impact Democratic margins in a race where economic concerns regarding inflation and tariffs dominate voter sentiment. Political analysts project that a divided government or an all-Republican victory is more probable than a Democratic sweep, with fiscal policy heavily dependent on whether the 2017 tax cuts are extended and how proposed tariffs are implemented.

E159: The Bestie Awards! Recapping the best and worst of 2023

Jason, Rudy Giuliani, Chamath Palihapitiya, David Sacks

The 2023 Bestie Awards convened by Chamath Palihapitiya, David Sacks, and Jacob Freedberg identified Donald Trump and Saudi Arabia as the primary political winners while labeling the "woke" business strategy and the Federal Reserve's unconventional tactics as major risks. In the corporate and scientific sectors, Elon Musk and the "Magnificent Seven" dominated as business victors, whereas venture capital firms and companies relying on social activism faced significant losses amidst breakthroughs in CRISPR and open-source AI. The panel concluded with forward-looking predictions that a 2024 economic soft landing remains plausible, though they warned of potential market volatility, a third-party electoral surge, and rising global instability.

Big Ideas 2024: AI Interpretability: From Black Box to Clear Box with Anjney Midha

Anjney Midha

In 2024, a16z partners led by General Partner Anjane Mita prioritize mechanistic interpretability to shift the AI industry from observing model outputs to understanding the specific features and "head chefs" driving decision-making. This strategic pivot aims to transform AI explainability into an engineering discipline that enables precise model controllability and reliable deployment in critical sectors like healthcare and finance. By addressing scaling challenges through advanced autoencoders and combinatorial reasoning, the industry seeks to replace fear-based regulation with empirical evidence of model behavior.

Planning portfolios for 2024: Goldman Sachs leaders discuss

Brittany Boals Moeller, Amal Alibair, Matt Weir

Financial strategists advise clients to lock in higher rates on long-term bonds and maintain a U.S. asset overweight due to superior institutional stability and GDP growth. The firm implements disciplined cash deployment tranches to mitigate inflation erosion while prioritizing private markets for persistent alpha, specifically targeting top-quartile managers and themes like supply chain infrastructure. This approach integrates multi-generational legacy planning with philanthropic goals, emphasizing early education and structural diversification to ensure long-term purchasing power.

B2B Startup Metrics | Startup School

Tom Blomfield

This session guides early-stage founders on establishing a rigorous foundational metrics strategy that prioritizes revenue, burn rate, and Net Dollar Retention over vanity data to ensure financial viability. It details how to define consistent unit economics and gross margins, warning that negative unit economics in the current high-interest environment require immediate product or pricing fixes before any scaling efforts. The presentation concludes by balancing these quantitative requirements with the necessity of direct customer interaction, urging leaders to use data to inform decisions rather than replace human empathy and intuition.

Big Ideas in 2024: Voice-First Apps Will Become Integral to Our Lives with Anish Acharya

Anish Acharya

A16Z partner Anish Acharya argues that advancements in large language models are transforming voice into a primary productivity interface by solving the historical "90% fidelity" problem that limited previous attempts. This shift enables new entrants to disrupt incumbents like Gmail through native voice-first workflows, moving human-computer interaction from simple commands to complex, passive conversations reminiscent of the film *Her*. While voice and graphical interfaces remain complementary, the technology is rapidly overcoming social and training barriers to redefine how executives and consumers manage digital tasks.