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Ron Epstein

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  1. Bank of America24 min

    Declining costs mean more rising rockets; launch costs key for space industrialization

    Ron Epstein, TJ Thornton

    This analysis details how the aerospace industry's pursuit of full reusability, led by SpaceX's Starship program, aims to slash launch costs from $1,000 to $100 per kilogram to unlock a lunar economy and orbital data centers. While engineering hurdles like thermal management in space remain solvable, this cost reduction is projected to catalyze exponential market growth in satellite broadband, in-orbit manufacturing, and national security surveillance. Ultimately, the sector's future viability hinges on overcoming reusability thresholds and resolving unresolved regulatory frameworks regarding lunar resources and orbital debris.

  2. Bank of America18 min

    Asia’s defense awakening: Higher domestic spend, more exports

    TJ Thornton, Chris Oberoi, KJ Huang, Ron Epstein

    Asia's defense sector is pivoting from a primary importer to a manufacturing exporter, with regional spending reaching $573 billion in 2025 as nations like South Korea and Japan expand domestic production capacity. South Korea has emerged as a key beneficiary of this shift, driving a 24% export surge and diversifying sales to Europe and the Middle East while navigating potential collaboration with the United States on naval construction and supply chains. Analysts project that strong order backlogs and geopolitical instability will sustain earnings growth for Asian defense contractors through 2030, despite ongoing U.S. restrictions on direct munitions purchases.