Latest Interviews
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a16z Podcast | The State of Security
Joel de la Garza, Niels Provos, Martin Casado
This event analyzes the critical convergence of cyber, physical, and national security driven by state actors targeting infrastructure destruction rather than mere data theft. Panelists highlight that while hardware-rooted authentication has eliminated phishing success at organizations like Google, the human element remains the primary vulnerability requiring continuous training and strict credential management. Strategic recommendations include adopting hardware security keys, leveraging cloud providers for superior security postures, and utilizing regulatory frameworks like GDPR to shift the industry's incentive model toward proactive risk mitigation.
- Milken Institute52 min
European Values, Identity, and Politics in 2019
Robert Guest, Douglas Alexander, Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Gemma Mortensen, Douglas Murray
Leading thinkers including Douglas Alexander, Ayaan Hirsi Ali, and Douglas Murray converge on a consensus that Western societies have shifted from economic debates to a crisis of identity driven by rapid demographic change and eroded institutional trust. The panel identifies a deep chasm between cosmopolitan urban elites and a disenfranchised "exhausted majority" whose moral foundations of loyalty and authority are being exploited by populist movements. To resolve this polarization, the speakers argue that governments must abandon cultural taboos to engage in honest dialogues regarding integration limits, border security, and the distribution of globalization's burdens.
- Milken Institute58 min
Energy Plays in a Carbon-Constrained World
Francesco Guerrera, Helima Croft, Philippe Ducom, Philip Lambert, Anil Srivastava
A diverse panel of energy experts, including Philip Kinsella of ExxonMobil and Anil Thadani, affirmed the consensus on climate change while arguing that aggressive decarbonization policies risk global supply shortages and economic disruption. The discussion highlighted the necessity of a diversified energy mix involving gas, efficiency, and emerging technologies like carbon capture to meet projected demand increases of 25% by 2040 without relying solely on intermittently available renewables. Panelists warned that premature regulatory bans on fossil fuels and internal combustion engines could drive stranded assets, increase emissions through coal substitution, and threaten millions of jobs within the global automotive and energy sectors.
- Milken Institute1h 0m
Stability vs. Growth: Unintended Consequences of Post-Crisis Financial Regulations
Kadhim Shubber, Jiří Król, Brent McIntosh, Scott O'Malia, Michael Piwowar
The Milken Institute's London Summit panel, moderated by Financial Times journalist Kadim Shuber, brought together U.S. Treasury General Counsel Brent McIntosh and industry leaders from ISDA and AIMA to analyze the dual impacts of post-2008 financial regulations. While participants acknowledged significant gains in system resilience, such as $1.9 trillion in Tier 1 capital and widespread clearing mandates, they warned that regulatory fragmentation and compliance burdens are stifling capital formation and reducing the number of public U.S. companies by half over two decades. Addressing these unintended consequences, the discussion highlighted ongoing efforts by the Treasury and other agencies to refine rules through cost-benefit analyses, establish Offices of Innovation for FinTech, and pursue greater cross-border harmonization to balance safety with economic growth.
- Milken Institute57 min
U.S. Overview: Political and Economic Currents After the Midterm Elections
Philippa Thomas, Adrienne Elrod, Douglas Holtz-Eakin, Steve Krouskos, Sara Latham, Frank Luntz, Ian Shorris, Geoff Trinkline, Seema Shah, Rachel White, Fonda Ahan, Özgür Önder, Ron Kerr, Tony Fratto, Ryan, Darius Baxter
Panelists projected U.S. economic growth of 2.5% to 3% through 2019 while warning of severe long-term fiscal deficits and stagnant productivity driven by an education gap. The discussion highlighted distinct political dynamics where the Democratic primary is expected to be policy-driven despite a dominant Republican base, alongside a critique of incoherent trade strategies that harm consumers without securing strategic advantages against China. Ultimately, experts concluded that restoring societal civility and addressing K-12 educational failures are critical prerequisites for the nation's future competitiveness and the American Dream.
- Milken Institute1h 4m
Town Hall | Media and Partisanship in the Brexit Hour
Frank Luntz, James Harding, Nick Robinson, Matthew, Zach, Seema, Ingrid
James Harding and Nick Robinson discuss the fractured trust in UK media and democracy against the backdrop of the 2016 Brexit referendum, arguing that both the press and political parties have lost their connection to the public through a shift toward emotional, identity-based politics. Contrasting the regulated British model with the fragmented, partisan landscape of the US, the speakers contend that media failure stems not from overt bias but from an inability to validate voters' lived anxieties or effectively challenge false claims like the "£350 million to the EU" poster. They conclude that preserving the concept of impartiality as a shared factual foundation requires actively educating the public on its necessity to prevent a descent into polarized echo chambers.
- Milken Institute56 min
Superbugs: Avoiding an Existential Threat to Humanity
Esther Krofah, Valeria Bortolaia, Ron Daniels, Peter Jackson, Peter Piot, Lance Price, Sneha Kemka
This analysis details the critical global escalation of antimicrobial resistance, which currently causes 700,000 annual deaths and threatens to reach 10 million by 2050 without urgent intervention. The event highlights a pharmaceutical market failure where major drug withdrawals have shifted innovation to undercapitalized SMEs, necessitating new economic incentives like the UK's pilot pull mechanism to fund R&D. Strategic solutions prioritize infection control, agricultural bans on growth promoters, and precision diagnostics to bridge the gap between scientific discovery and clinical application.
- Milken Institute52 min
New Rules: Open Banking, FinTech, and Big Tech
James Mackintosh, Louise Beaumont, Elena Lieskovska, Gavin Littlejohn, Ajay Vij, Eric Kilsterman
UK regulators initiated open banking to dismantle incumbent bank monopolies and drive the shift toward hyper-personalized, predictive financial services that address historical market undersupply. While global adoption varies, with the US leading in legacy aggregators and India leveraging biometric identity for leapfrogging, the framework's success hinges on resolving API standardization gaps and clarifying liability models where banks absorb payment initiation risks. Future growth depends on integrating diverse data sectors like healthcare and energy to deliver tangible consumer value, ensuring that emerging fintechs and non-bank providers can compete on experience rather than legacy infrastructure.
- Milken Institute56 min
Blockchain Applications on the Brink of Transforming Business
Garrick Hileman, Jamie Burke, Sally Eaves, Sean Kiernan, Ioana Surpateanu, Garrett Keilman, Sally Hughes, Yana Surpachanu
Panelists at a recent industry gathering analyzed the cryptocurrency sector's shift from speculative infrastructure investment to revenue-generating application layers driven by 2019 market corrections and a surge in mergers and acquisitions. Key discussions highlighted the regulatory imperative for clear distinctions between security and utility tokens to enable institutional adoption, while emerging use cases in supply chain ethics, decentralized data marketplaces, and financial inclusion for the unbanked are redefining the technology's real-world value. Experts further identified the development of quantum-resistant cryptography, robust decentralized identity systems, and permissioned distributed ledger implementations as critical technical prerequisites for overcoming current security and trust barriers.
- Milken Institute59 min
How Artificial Intelligence Will Change Business and People in the Coming Decade
Adrian Wooldridge, Jim Golden, Josh Harris, Matthew McKnight, Vivienne Ming, Michael Reitblat
This panel addressed the $1.3 trillion global impact of financial crime, arguing that Intelligence Augmentation (IA) frameworks combining human intuition with AI processing offer a superior defense against adversarial automated fraud. Case studies from Palantir and healthcare innovators demonstrated that non-technical workers can achieve dramatic efficiency gains through AI tools, while experts warned that displacing the professional middle class could trigger social instability and deepen inequality. The discussion concluded with a strategic call to shift from labor arbitrage to machine arbitrage and to reform education toward adaptability to mitigate the ethical risks of cognitive stratification.
- Milken Institute1h 6m
The Future of the United Kingdom and the European Union
Michael Klowden, Stephanie Flanders, Alan Houmann, Jo Johnson, Mikhail Khodorkovsky, Lord Mandelson, Peter Mandelson
Moderated by Stephanie Flanders, a panel of senior UK and European figures at the Milken Institute London Summit assessed the political and financial uncertainties threatening Europe, including Brexit, US unilateralism under President Trump, and potential Russian military adventurism. Speakers like Joe Johnson and Peter Mandelson highlighted the severe economic risks of a no-deal Brexit for the UK financial sector while forecasting a high probability of a second referendum driven by the lack of democratic legitimacy. The discussion concluded that while external pressures have exposed deep structural divisions within the EU, these same threats may paradoxically galvanize European unity against disintegration and American protectionism.
- Milken Institute1h 0m
How I Did It: Profiles of Next-Generation Leadership Strategies
Alex Witt, John Roberts, Igor Tulchinsky, Cormac Whelan
John Roberts, Igor Tolchinsky, and Cormac Whelan discussed how sustainable leadership balances financial viability with long-term talent development and organizational culture. The panelists detailed their respective strategies for scaling global impact, including WorldQuant's free online university, AO World's process-elimination initiatives, and Roberts' youth crime reduction projects. They further explored the nuanced relationship between risk management, innate ability, and the critical role of preparation in capitalizing on luck to achieve measurable societal and corporate success.
- Milken Institute54 min
Addressing the Gender Disparity Problem in the Modern Workplace
Richard Ditizio, Charlotte de Metz, Marianna Fotaki, Charlie Geffen, Loula Lefkaritis
This event analyzes systemic barriers hindering women's advancement, ranging from exclusionary infrastructure and the "leaky pipeline" in the financial sector to persistent pay gaps and unconscious bias. Speakers contrast traditional "macho" leadership stereotypes with a shift toward authentic management styles and emphasize the urgent need to move beyond mentorship to active sponsorship and anonymized hiring practices. Despite the established business case for diversity, the consensus calls for immediate accountability measures, including mandatory quotas and early educational interventions, to transform discussion into concrete organizational change.
- Milken Institute42 min
The Technology and Upskilling Nexus
Michael Bernick, Stuart Frye, Nate Williams, Lara Jeremko
Interplay Learning, Udacity, and LinkedIn convened to address critical workforce shortages by deploying VR simulations, nanodegree credentials, and the LinkedIn Economic Graph to bridge skills gaps in trades and digital sectors. These organizations highlighted strategic partnerships with community colleges, government bodies, and major corporations to standardize credentials and upskill employees against rising automation risks. The discussion underscored a collective commitment to fostering lifelong learning ecosystems that align educational outcomes with real-time labor market demands through collaborative public-private initiatives.
- Milken Institute49 min
Shaping the Workforce of the Future: Academia and Employer Partnerships
Kevin Klowden, Eloy Ortiz Oakley, Soraya M. Coley, Jay Banfield, Manoli Ratnatunga
The 2018 State Technology and Science Index reports California maintains a fourth-place overall ranking despite significant challenges in human capital investment, where high living costs are driving a net outflow of bachelor's degree holders while attracting only those with advanced degrees. To address this divergence between job creation and local workforce readiness, the Milken Institute and academic leaders recommend shifting educational models toward competency-based learning, dismantling unnecessary credential barriers, and investing in infrastructure to retain skilled talent. Panelists highlighted specific initiatives, such as Cal Poly Pomona's social mobility improvements and community college partnerships with major employers, that aim to align curricula with industry needs and provide continuous reskilling pathways for a rapidly evolving economy.