Latest Interviews

Should we be worried about technology?

Tom Standage

Speaker highlights the cyclical historical pattern of technological optimism and backlash, noting that current "tech lash" sentiments mirror past shifts from Victorian Luddite protests to 1990s dot-com utopianism. The presentation argues that technology itself lacks inherent agency, asserting that societal outcomes depend on human application and that regulatory frameworks must evolve through real-time "sandbox approaches" to manage rapid innovation. To address modern challenges like the climate crisis, the speaker advocates for a measured strategy where further technological solutions, such as geoengineering and electric vehicles, are employed to solve problems created by previous innovations.

What is net zero?

Vijay Vaitheeswaran

Over fifty nations and major global entities have committed to the Paris Agreement goal of balancing greenhouse gas emissions with removals by the mid-to-late 21st century, a target essential for curbing the annual 40-billion-tonne carbon output of the current economy. While established methods like reforestation offer immediate relief, the strategy increasingly relies on unproven negative emission technologies to handle hard-to-abate sectors, creating a strategic risk that delayed emission cuts will be offset by future innovations. This transition faces significant hurdles, including disputes over accountability between historic and emerging emitters and the absence of universal accounting policies, leaving the achievement of net zero as a complex endeavor requiring unprecedented global cooperation beyond mere technological solutions.

Henry Kissinger: how Biden should handle China

Henry Kissinger, Biden

Henry Kissinger outlines a precarious escalation in US-China tensions, warning that mutually exclusive narratives on hegemony and interference require a foundational agreement to exclude high-tech warfare and enforce mutual restraint. He evaluates the Biden administration's diplomatic tone as an improvement over the previous era, yet notes that its approach remains a strategic balancing act between domestic political pressures and the urgent international necessity of coexistence. Kissinger concludes that the unique challenge of sustaining a relationship between a democratic United States and a "Confucian Marxist" China demands the explicit definition of specific issues rather than reliance on a rules-based order that is not currently applied to Beijing.

Covid-19: why your life will never be the same again

James Francham, Tom

The Economist has developed a global normality index tracking behavioral shifts across 50 nations in transport, leisure, and business to quantify the transition from pandemic restrictions to post-pandemic norms. Historical precedents like the Black Death and the 1918 flu inform the analysis of how health crises drive structural change, while current data suggests a hybrid world is emerging where retail habits and office occupancy permanently settle between pre-pandemic levels and new digital realities. Although long-term outcomes depend on future vaccine efficacy, the index confirms that society is moving toward a "normality tracker" that captures simultaneous acceleration of remote work and revival of mid-century trends like drive-throughs.

Mass extinction: what can stop it?

Katrine Brahek

Experts warn that human reliance on deteriorating ecological networks, with one million species at risk of extinction, poses an immediate threat to global food security and climate stability. While advanced technologies like AI-powered trail guards and satellite imaging have improved monitoring and anti-poaching efforts, these tools remain ineffective without robust political will and enforceable policies. The failure to meet the 2020 Aichi conservation targets highlights an urgent need for governments to transition from vague goals to funded, ground-level interventions to prevent a catastrophic ecological collapse.

China’s economy: what’s its weak spot?

Kai-Fu Lee, Stephanie Studer

Facing a nearly 20% decline in its birth rate and a shrinking workforce, the Chinese Communist Party is accelerating a strategic pivot from infrastructure-led growth to social welfare and automation to avoid stagnation before reaching its wealth targets. To counter demographic headwinds exacerbated by high housing costs and a grueling work culture, the state is expanding childcare subsidies, promoting three-child family norms, and integrating advanced robotics to boost productivity. Despite these challenges, analysts project that China can still rival the United States as the world's largest economy by leveraging a more skilled, urbanized workforce and a transition toward high-value technology sectors.

Did covid-19 leak from a Chinese lab?

Natasha Loda

One year after the COVID-19 pandemic caused millions of deaths and trillions in economic damage, scientists continue to debate whether the virus emerged via natural zoonotic spillover or escaped the Wuhan Institute of Virology. While early dismissal of the lab leak theory was fueled by political rhetoric, recent shifts and confirmed past genetic engineering capabilities at the facility have compelled intelligence agencies to investigate further despite China's obstruction of raw data. Experts maintain that a natural origin remains the most probable scenario, yet the inability to access withheld information means the virus's true source may remain an unsolved mystery for decades.

Crypto: will the bitcoin dream succeed?

Mathieu Favas

This analysis examines Bitcoin's 2021 trajectory as a volatile investment asset rather than a functional currency, highlighting its extreme price fluctuations, low transaction efficiency compared to traditional payment networks, and massive environmental energy consumption. The discussion covers the decentralized architecture created by Satoshi Nakamoto, the lack of central bank safeguards, and the mixed adoption landscape where El Salvador legalized tender while regulators restrict institutional capital and criminals exploit the system. Experts remain divided on whether the capped supply of 21 million coins represents a nascent asset class comparable to gold or a speculative bubble destined to burst like historical financial manias.

Can Brazil Survive Bolsonaro?

Bolsonaro, Joe Biden, Lula, Sarah Maslin

Set against Rio de Janeiro's backdrop of systemic corruption, high police violence, and pandemic-driven healthcare strain, President Jair Bolsonaro navigated a political crisis marked by Brazil's highest global death toll in April 2020 and a catastrophic rise in Amazon deforestation. Although his 2018 election capitalized on anti-corruption sentiment and evangelical support through an initial emergency welfare program, his approval ratings have since collapsed below 30% due to soaring unemployment, the withdrawal of economic aid, and failed anti-corruption reforms that protect his family. As the nation approaches the 2022 presidential rematch between Bolsonaro and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, democratic institutions like the Supreme Court continue to check executive overreach while analysts warn of escalating tension between the military, the government, and long-term democratic stability.

Why trophy hunting helps protect animals

Dan, Johnny, Marina Lamprecht

Proponents of regulated trophy hunting in Namibia and Zimbabwe argue that the industry generates tens of millions of dollars annually to fund conservation, support over 770,000 households, and prevent wildlife extinction in areas where photo tourism is unviable. By retaining local control over land use and enforcing strict government quotas, these regions report significant rebounds in species such as the white rhino and lion while funding essential community projects like school meals. Conversely, critics warn that corruption in poorly governed nations often diverts revenue, leading some conservationists to call for international funding models that protect habitats without relying on controversial hunting practices.

How covid-19 exposes systemic racism in America

Trevor Phillips, Jason Stanley

One year after George Floyd's murder catalyzed global protests, discussions have shifted toward structural racism's role in health and technology, highlighted by pandemic-era data showing Black patients faced nearly double the mortality risk due to medical device miscalibration and facial recognition errors. Experts characterize these disparities as systemic issues arising from unexamined biases in research and design rather than individual malice, noting that light-skin calibration in pulse oximeters led to critical misdiagnoses while flawed algorithms caused mistaken arrests. Resolving these inequities requires institutions to confront unconscious biases and restructure underlying systems, a complex process hindered by the difficulty of assigning blame to systems without clear individual villains.

How to deal with big tech

Senator Amy Klobuchar, Martin Chavez, Amy Klobuchar, Anne

Senator Amy Klobuchar argues that the concentrated market power of tech giants like Google, Apple, and Meta stifles innovation and harms consumers, prompting her to advocate for a comprehensive "competition policy" that includes stricter antitrust enforcement, privacy regulations, and content moderation mandates. Highlighting recent bipartisan lawsuits and hearings that exposed harmful fee structures and misinformation risks, she proposes legislation to prevent app store gatekeepers from blocking cheaper payment options while aligning US standards with European precedents. Klobuchar warns that without these proactive measures to restore fair competition, the United States faces a future where dominant platforms control essential markets and threaten democratic institutions just as the AT&T breakup once did.

Covid-19: how many people have died?

Sondre Ulvand-Solstad

The Economist's statistical model revises global pandemic mortality to approximately 10 million deaths, significantly exceeding official counts due to severe underreporting in developing nations and specific outliers like Russia. By analyzing 121 demographic and geographic indicators, the study reveals that current daily death spikes, particularly in India, signal a shift where the virus is driving mass mortality in less internationally connected regions. These findings reclassify several countries based on excess deaths while noting that demographic age structures and reduced transmission of other infectious diseases create complex regional disparities in fatality rates.

Is Myanmar a failed state?

Following a February 1st military coup that has resulted in over 780 deaths and 3,800 arrests, the junta has detained de facto leader Aung San Suu Kyi on multiple charges while facing a nascent civil war as the Bamar majority joins ethnic militias in armed resistance. Although international sanctions and diplomatic pressure from the West have targeted senior generals, robust intervention remains blocked by veto power wielded by China and Russia, who prioritize regional infrastructure and strategic arms sales. Consequently, Myanmar risks becoming a failed state plagued by collapsing health systems, uncontrolled drug production, and cross-border refugee flows, while the military inherits a devastated economy despite its current control.

Could digital currencies put banks out of business?

Alice Forwood

Commercial banks currently create most global money through fractional reserve lending, yet their role is diminishing as intangible assets hinder corporate financing and tech giants like Ant Group bypass traditional rails with massive digital ecosystems. In response, central banks are rapidly developing Central Bank Digital Currencies, with 80% considering issuance, to reclaim monetary control and maintain a direct consumer link against these non-bank competitors. While this shift toward a potential world without traditional banks offers financial inclusion benefits, experts warn it carries severe risks including systemic cyber vulnerabilities and expanded state surveillance over transactions.