Latest Interviews

Crypto: will the bitcoin dream succeed?

Mathieu Favas

This analysis examines Bitcoin's 2021 trajectory as a volatile investment asset rather than a functional currency, highlighting its extreme price fluctuations, low transaction efficiency compared to traditional payment networks, and massive environmental energy consumption. The discussion covers the decentralized architecture created by Satoshi Nakamoto, the lack of central bank safeguards, and the mixed adoption landscape where El Salvador legalized tender while regulators restrict institutional capital and criminals exploit the system. Experts remain divided on whether the capped supply of 21 million coins represents a nascent asset class comparable to gold or a speculative bubble destined to burst like historical financial manias.

Can Brazil Survive Bolsonaro?

Bolsonaro, Joe Biden, Lula, Sarah Maslin

Set against Rio de Janeiro's backdrop of systemic corruption, high police violence, and pandemic-driven healthcare strain, President Jair Bolsonaro navigated a political crisis marked by Brazil's highest global death toll in April 2020 and a catastrophic rise in Amazon deforestation. Although his 2018 election capitalized on anti-corruption sentiment and evangelical support through an initial emergency welfare program, his approval ratings have since collapsed below 30% due to soaring unemployment, the withdrawal of economic aid, and failed anti-corruption reforms that protect his family. As the nation approaches the 2022 presidential rematch between Bolsonaro and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, democratic institutions like the Supreme Court continue to check executive overreach while analysts warn of escalating tension between the military, the government, and long-term democratic stability.

Covid-19: how many people have died?

Sondre Ulvand-Solstad

The Economist's statistical model revises global pandemic mortality to approximately 10 million deaths, significantly exceeding official counts due to severe underreporting in developing nations and specific outliers like Russia. By analyzing 121 demographic and geographic indicators, the study reveals that current daily death spikes, particularly in India, signal a shift where the virus is driving mass mortality in less internationally connected regions. These findings reclassify several countries based on excess deaths while noting that demographic age structures and reduced transmission of other infectious diseases create complex regional disparities in fatality rates.

Could digital currencies put banks out of business?

Alice Forwood

Commercial banks currently create most global money through fractional reserve lending, yet their role is diminishing as intangible assets hinder corporate financing and tech giants like Ant Group bypass traditional rails with massive digital ecosystems. In response, central banks are rapidly developing Central Bank Digital Currencies, with 80% considering issuance, to reclaim monetary control and maintain a direct consumer link against these non-bank competitors. While this shift toward a potential world without traditional banks offers financial inclusion benefits, experts warn it carries severe risks including systemic cyber vulnerabilities and expanded state surveillance over transactions.

Scottish independence: could Britain break up?

Mike, Andy, Matthew Holhouse

Amidst deepening internal strain and divergent post-Brexit trade interests, the Scottish National Party has pledged to demand a second independence referendum following a potential May election victory. This political push challenges Prime Minister Boris Johnson's firm stance that such a vote requires Westminster's consent, creating a legal and economic stalemate that could disrupt vital trade flows with England. As fiscal deficits widen and public support for sovereignty grows, the event highlights a critical juncture where the historical union faces its most significant threat since the 1707 Acts of Union.

How to crunch covid-19 data

Leveraging unprecedented data volumes, The Economist's data team exposed divergent global lockdown strategies through real-time mobility tracking that rapidly convinced Google to release public datasets and prompted immediate adoption in government briefings. Concurrently, the organization's simplified "flatten the curve" visualization, refined by editor Sasha Mostow and academic Drew Harris, established a critical communication standard for illustrating social distancing impacts on healthcare capacity. These efforts collectively transformed raw data into actionable policy tools, fundamentally shaping the global response to the pandemic.

How covid-19 is boosting innovation

The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated a five-year technological timeline, forcing global enterprises and healthcare systems to rapidly integrate innovations like mRNA vaccines, drone logistics, and telemedicine to ensure survival. While this crisis triggered record merger volumes and a surge in remote work productivity, it simultaneously widened the digital divide for students lacking home internet access and favored large corporations over emerging startups. Ultimately, the era solidified permanent shifts in food delivery, educational infrastructure, and medical development, fundamentally reshaping market dynamics and societal expectations for digital adoption.

Nuclear power: why is it so unpopular?

Oliver Morton

Although nuclear energy currently supplies 10% of global electricity as a reliable low-carbon alternative, its growth is stifled by high construction costs, severe public fear stemming from accidents like Chernobyl and Fukushima, and complex geopolitical proliferation risks. While statistical data suggests nuclear power is among the safest energy sources per unit of electricity, the industry faces a stagnation in reactor numbers and a lack of a projected "nuclear renaissance" due to competition from falling renewable costs. Consequently, the future of the sector hinges on whether advanced modular technologies can resolve long-standing issues with standardization and economic viability against established alternatives.

Iran v America: what's behind the feud?

Roger McShane

Spanning from the 1953 Anglo-American coup against Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh to the 1979 Islamic Revolution, the US-Iran rivalry has been defined by decades of proxy wars, the 1980-1988 Iran-Iraq conflict, and a 444-day hostage crisis. While the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action briefly limited Tehran's nuclear program under the Obama administration, the 2018 US withdrawal by President Donald Trump reignited tensions and accelerated Iran's enrichment capabilities despite economic sanctions. Current diplomatic efforts by President Biden to restore the deal face significant obstacles due to Iran's hardline political shift and deep-seated historical grievances that hinder regional rapprochement.

The minimum wage: does it hurt workers?

Duncan Wilden

While standard economic theory predicts that minimum wage hikes cause unemployment, a paradigm shift initiated by Card and Kruger's 1992 study revealed that employer monopsony power often allows wages to rise without significant job losses. This empirical evidence has driven global policy adoption and created a complex patchwork of local regulations, as seen in conflicting Seattle studies regarding hours versus earnings. Currently, President Joe Biden's proposed federal $15 wage floor represents an unprecedented national experiment that economists await to resolve whether the scale of this increase poses a risk to employment or serves as a necessary economic lift.

How can business survive climate change?

Lisa McKellie, Dan Petroski, Rich Sorkin, Gavin Schmidt, Chidiote Obihara, Nicolette Bartlett, Christopher Vanden Riche, Guy Scriven

Corporate leaders face escalating physical risks and mandatory litigation as climate change drives trillion-dollar asset threats while regulators shift from voluntary to enforced emissions reductions. Major enterprises like Microsoft, Amazon, and Ørsted are responding with accelerated decarbonization strategies and supply chain transparency to secure market value and avoid financial obsolescence. Experts warn that failing to adopt green technologies and disclose carbon footprints now will result in stranded assets and catastrophic economic loss as the window for effective adaptation rapidly closes.

The New Tech Stack for Virtual-First Care

Julie Yoo

The digital health sector is undergoing a transformative shift from isolated startup solutions to full-stack virtual clinics that leverage AI and modern technology to lower costs and improve care scale. While early growth was marked by redundant development of proprietary technology stacks, the market is now reaching a tipping point where demand supports dedicated infrastructure providers to abstract common clinical, administrative, and operational layers. Industry consolidation is anticipated as successful players evolve into risk-bearing, multi-stakeholder platforms that integrate digital and physical services to create network effects and eventually displace legacy fee-for-service models.

The World in 2021: five stories to watch out for

Maria, Tom Standage

The event outlines a convergence of critical global shifts, including a widespread deterioration of democratic institutions in 80 nations alongside accelerating electric vehicle production and China's emergence as the world's largest cinema market by 2021. Concurrently, major economies like the US, EU, and China are preparing for the COP26 summit to enforce stricter emissions targets, while NASA advances planetary defense capabilities with the DART asteroid-mission launch. These developments collectively highlight a pivotal year defined by geopolitical constraints, industrial electrification, and evolving scientific strategies for space and climate security.

How to restore trust in politics

Shirley Islam, Matthew Taylor, Emma Hogan

Matthew Taylor and participants like Shirley Islam advocate for citizens' assemblies as a deliberative alternative to adversarial representative democracy, aiming to restore public trust through random selection and expert-guided consensus building. Data from the OECD and case studies in Ireland and Scotland demonstrate that governments implementing these recommendations see high rates of policy adoption, often transforming contentious issues like abortion and drug reform into actionable legislation. Despite initial political reluctance to cede control over outcomes, proponents argue that these assemblies provide voters with continuous agency between elections and signal a global shift toward more inclusive governance models.

Care after covid: the future of elderly health-care

Sasha Nauta

Amidst a rapidly aging global population where the 80-and-older demographic is set to double, rising dementia costs and severe care home mortality rates have exposed the fragility of current long-term care systems. While some nations explore controversial international outsourcing to manage labor expenses, the sector remains crippled by chronic understaffing driven by wages significantly lower than those in acute hospital settings. In response, pilot programs utilizing remote monitoring technology are proving that half of institutional care could shift to home settings, offering a potential pathway to mitigate resource strain and improve patient outcomes.